Pakistan’s Telecom Sector Faces Spectrum Shortage Amid 5G Push

Pakistan’s telecom industry is at a decisive turning point as it struggles with one of the lowest spectrum allocations in the region. The country has auctioned only 274 MHz of IMT spectrum, compared to Saudi Arabia’s 1,200 MHz, Thailand’s 600 MHz, and Bangladesh’s 600 MHz. This shortfall has fueled network congestion, impacted service quality, and slowed the rollout of next-generation 5G services.

Regulators have proposed releasing more than 600 MHz of spectrum to modernize networks, but the auction process remains stalled. Legal disputes, policy gaps, and the pending merger between Telenor Pakistan and PTCL have all created roadblocks. According to official PTA documents reviewed by TechJuice, the upcoming spectrum auction carries critical implications for Pakistan’s digital future.

The 5G journey has already faced setbacks. Pakistan missed its June 2025 auction deadline, while litigation continues over key spectrum bands, including the 2600 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz ranges. At the same time, the Competition Commission of Pakistan has yet to clear the PTCL–Telenor merger, leaving uncertainty over how many operators will participate in the auction.

Analysts warn that these delays could impact Pakistan’s economic prospects. Studies suggest that 5G adoption could boost GDP by up to 2.4%, increase foreign investment, and create millions of jobs. Sectoral benefits are expected across healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, and e-governance.

Yet public skepticism remains strong. As one observer noted, “First, we should get proper 4G; 5G is out of the question.” Ookla currently ranks Pakistan among the lowest in internet speeds, averaging only 20 Mbps compared to 96 Mbps in India and 115 Mbps in China.

For Pakistan to catch up, regulatory clarity and legal resolutions are crucial. If achieved, spectrum auctions are expected in mid-2025, with commercial 5G rollout projected for early 2026. Until then, the telecom sector remains at a crossroads, with its digital future hanging in the balance.